Monday 28 March 2011


Sir John Soane
The original blogger



Tuesday, April 6, 2010

Am I Crazy?
06 APR 2010 13:40 AM

Sir John Soane, the original blogger? Am I crazy to think that a man that lived so long ago (1753-1837) could actually be considered a blogger? No!- and for the next couple of days I am going to tell you why and how Sir John Soane might be able, to be considered a blogger. Looking at Soane’s life and work, in particular his Museum, we just may see why for me he transcends his own time and the limitations of chronology. To become the original blogger.

If you don’t think I’m crazy (or at least a little unhinged) then you probably should be given all the information about this man Sir John Soane. Just so that you can get the full picture, and hopefully see why I might be suggesting something a little less than ordinary.

Sir John Soane born on the 10th September 1753, in Goring-on-Thames, this son of a bricklayer managed to work his way up the scaffolding to become one of Britain’s most respected and acknowledge architects from history.

Text Box: “At fifteen, determined to be an architect, he entered the service of George Dance, himself only twenty-seven…”
 

                                                                   [1]


Inspired by the works of classical Rome and Greece, Soane’s architecture experimented within the field of Neo-classicism. His architectural works that are considered the best known would be his home at 13 Lincoln’s Inn Field (which is now the Sir John Soane’s Museum, we’ll get to that later…) and the Bank of England in London. As a Victorian architect you may realise that Soane didn’t physically live in to his 150’s, to literally be apart of the modern blogging phenomena. However it is the work that this extra-ordinary Victorian left behind that thrusts him into the modern. That is how he over-comes the limitations of chronology.

Now this work that I have been harping on about- well it’s about time I told you exactly what I’m referring to. Of course we need to consider his architectural work i.e. The Bank of England, and his home. However it is the contents of his home, which are of greater importance in this case. Sir John Soane bought his home at 13 Lincoln’s Inn Field in 1792. From the start of this purchase Soane had in mind an unmatched idea and future for his home. Soane put plans, journals, descriptions and countless preparatory writings in place. All these plans were to ultimately turn his home into, the Sir John Soane’s Museum (a bit egotistical isn’t it?). They were continually revised and added to until his death on the 20th January 1837. Arthur Bolton comments on the Museum’s status and Soane’s role misunderstood as egotistical, in his book ‘The works of Sir John Soane’.
Text Box: “Some few years ago a judge possessed by a propensity for amateur architecture, which eventually landed him in a disastrous conflict with the law, was pleased to describe the Sir John Soane Museum as merely ‘a monument to the vanity of its founder.’ This superficial judgement was characteristic of the immediate past, in which, under the influence of the Gothic revival, the ideas and art of Sir John Soane…were so strangely misunderstood and despised.”
 







                                                                  [2]


Now you have a taster of the man Sir John Soane, and my (bizarre) idea that he is infrangibly linked to blogging. I’ll leave you to digest and prepare for my next Blog entry- you’ll be reading soon!


A Brief History of the Weblog.
06 APR 2010 20:44 PM

So… I have claimed that I am going to tell you how and why Sir John Soane is the original blogger (and I will, be patient). Therefore it seems appropriate that that I explain the blog I claim he is doing, and the blogging, which I am doing RIGHT NOW! Before I left you for the day, just thought I would write about Blogs themselves so that our first day can end with you knowing the basics of every element of my statement. “Sir John Soane, the Original Blogger.” Get ready for a brief history of the weblog.

So Sir John Soane is the Original blogger… What’s a Blogger?
06 APR 2010 20:55 PM

So you’ve no doubt heard of the term blog, and you know it’s got something to do with the Internet and diaries. Well you’ve already got the fundamentals! A blog is quite literally an Internet diary also-known-as, a web-log. Weblog is the original term from which blog derives. 

A Blog is a frequently and continually updated online diary. However through using the blogging forum, it is no longer the personal journal confined to under the mattress. The blog is an online log which is accessible to thousands, millions of readers- with whom you can openly share and discuss your thoughts.

Now I’ve already thrown around some derivatives of the term Blog (weblog), so I’m just going to clarify the derivatives that I have used and will continue to use.
Blog (noun)- a journal or diary that is online.
Blogger (noun)- a person who keeps a Blog.
Blog (verb)- to write a Blog
Blogging (verb)- the action of writing a Blog.

Blogging all started with people writing about their daily events, the mundane, the menial, and the down right uninteresting. Somehow these Blogs gained a following, and the hobby and action of blogging became mainstream. Today there are far more interesting and diverse blogs, and blogging has even become a legitimate form of communication, publication and journalism. In Mark Treymayne’s ‘Blogging, citizenship, and the future of media’ a pivotal essay by Sharon Meraz, discusses the importance of Blogging. Meraz illustrates the importance of the Blog as a new media source. Disputing the idea that the Internet could be harbouring a singularity of privileged voices, Meraz reveals the Internet and Blog to be a true form of democracy. Blogs are online forums where politics, society, and still the mundane can be openly discussed.



Text Box: “A recent Pew Internet Report (2004) dispelled the fear that the Internet is being used like an echo chamber to support only like-minded viewpoints. In criticizing the theory of selective exposure, the report concluded that the Internet actively contributes to democratic discourse by exposing…[blog] users to more arguments than traditional media does.”
 



                                                                     [3]



Generally a Blog is an informal piece of writing that is written like you would speak, a conversational tone, which is accessible. You might consider them to be an example of stream of consciousness in writing or interior monologue. Blogs are not a planned or formal written source. Yet despite a Blog’s informal façade it is well recognised that Blogs serve an important role within modern, democratic society.
Text Box: “What emerges right away in the use of interior monologue is that it can give the author who uses it the illusion of being very close to reality.”
 


                                                                     [4]


Why do people want to share their personal online?
06 APR 2010 21:10 PM

I have described the Blog as an online diary where people share their thoughts, opinions and their personal details. I also compared Blogging as a modern form of diary keeping, diaries that were kept under the mattress. So how did the diary make such a huge leap from hidden under the bed, extremely private, to entering the public domain? Well in my opinion people sacrifice a little of their privacy to successfully audibilize a voice. If you want to make your voice heard amongst the cacophony of shouting, the Blog makes it that much more louder. The amazing scope and accessibility of the Internet is unrivalled, never before has an average person been able to reach a global audience. Blogging has created a global platform.

Also when comprehending people’s ease of volunteering their personal lives for the public to read, you’ve got to consider the pop culture desire for fame. This lust and desire to eradicate individual anonymity is apart of the modern. In 1979 Andy Warhol said, “Everyone will be world-famous for 15 minuets.” Not to undermine the words of Warhol but, I think that today through the Blog, EVERYONE WILL BE FAMOUS FOR 15 PEOPLE. Meaning that through the globalized entity of the Internet everyone can achieve followers, who shadow the writing of Bloggers’lives and or passions.

So now hopefully you’re a little more informed. You know both the information about Sir John Soane, and Blogging. Therefore you are no longer at all ignorant to the bizarreness of linking a Victorian Architect to the very 21st century phenomena of Blogging. Now all I need to do is convince you that I’m not crazy- they are unquestionably linked, and I am justified in stating, “Sir John Soane is the Original Blogger.”

Until tomorrow… you’ll be reading soon!



Wednesday, April 7th, 2010

Sir John Soane’s Museum- it is his Blog.
07 APR 2010 16:02 PM

Following his death in January of 1837, Sir John Soane’s home and collections were entrusted to the nation. In leaving this gift to the state, Soane’s collection that he founded, and added to throughout his life could fulfil the destiny that he appointed, to become a museum.

To ensure that his beloved home would become the museum he envisaged, Sir John Soane wrote numerous descriptive plans. The plans described and guided the reader through his immense collection of classical and antique artefacts from all over the world. (Although Soane very rarely left the country, all the objects were purchased from British auctions.)

John Elsner highlights from Soane’s huge collection, his collection of architectural models.
Text Box: “Two ideals of romanticism- the ruin and the original masterpiece collide on the pedestal.”
 

                                                           [5]

Located at the top of the house, placed there by Soane himself, it is undeniable that it was his aim to allow the visitor of the museum to gaze out the windows at the London Skyline, and thus compare the model sized architecture on the horizon with Soane’s collection of classical cork and plaster models.

In doing so Soane is presenting his home and museum as a contemporary model of antiquity, and possibly denoting his architecture within the canon of antiquity.

Text Box: “Soane’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, itself an architect’s model-house, a spectacular performance of virtuoso architectural feats in the (relative) miniature of what the Penny Magazine insisted was ‘a very limited space…(of) domestic character and privacy.”
 





                                                                                                                                         [6]


The Museum, a model of Sir John Soane’s: memories, personality, and inner thoughts.
07 APR 2010 16:18 PM

The museum is full of artefacts and displays that reference Soane’s life and lifestyle, from the treasures he collected, the furniture of his family’s living space and the Neo-classical architecture he experimented with. In this way the museum is not only about Sir John Soane, it is of Sir John Soane.

I now realise that this museum perfectly acts as a representative of Sir John Soane’s (Blogger) Blog. And I am going to elaborate on how the museum is an Elsnerian model of Sir John Soane’s: memories, personality, and inner thoughts. To perform my elaboration I am going to perform a comparison and juxta-opposing of Soane with Hirschhorn (a modern artist)- not only will I be demonstrating the Soane Museum as model, also I will be showing how Soane can be modern, and therefore apart of modern Blogging. But first I need to do some Internet and library research into the artist. Be back soon- you will be reading!

Deceased Contemporary: Sir John Soane.
07 APR 2010 17:27 PM

Thomas Hirschhorn’s ‘Cavemanman’ is a representation of an artist’s creative expression. Hirschhorn’s ‘Cavemanman’ and ‘Chalet Lost History’ rely on the organization and display to evoke feelings of personality and memory.

In chalet lost history, the installation is brimming with objects including a massive sarcophagus. Paul Galvez Questioned,
Text Box: “But who is buried there and why? Obviously someone with a keen, if somewhat perverse, taste for all things from the land of the Nile.”
 


                                                                    [7]


The huge sarcophagus of Seti 1 centralizes the Sepulchral Chamber, of the Sir John Soane’s Museum. However the sarcophagus lies empty. Therefore like with Chalet Lost History, the visitor may ask ‘Who is Buried here?’, ‘Obviously someone with a keen, if somewhat perverse, taste for all things from the classical period.

It is clear through the mass of objects surrounding the tomb that the sarcophagus is in fact that of Sir John Soane, turning the museum morbidly into a mausoleum. The effect of the mausoleum is powerful; the journey through the museum has strong implications of death. The visitor is clear that this is the home and collection of the now deceased Sir John Soane.

Thomas Hirschhorn’s ‘Cavemanman’ (2002) and ‘Chalet Lost History’ (2003, 2005 Hayward Gallery, Hayward’s Universal Experience), have a similarly chaotic and cluttered display to that of the gentlemanly hang of Soane’s collections. The arrangement is said to be an honest representation of the human train of thought and memories. Lacking in linear chronology the objects are instead linked through the personality of the curator and artist and the tenuous links they hold. In this way the curration and display by Hirschhorn and Soane create models of themselves.

The result of the display within the Soane Museum is that of personality and the journey through it appears to have the omnipresent narration of its creator. The visitor can clearly establish that the collection is individual to Sir John Soane.




The Museum, the Blog.
07 APR 2010 PM

Today I have focused on that which has made Sir John Soane famous, his home, and his museum. Through analysis of the museum space I am now referring to the museum as a Blog. It is the space (Blog) that is the work that this extra-ordinary Victorian left behind, which thrusts him into the modern.

Text Box: “Soane’s idiosyncratic and personal style of architecture had many critics in his lifetime and a small following after his death. In the twentieth century, Soane’s stripped or astylar classicism found favour with the protagonists of the Modern movement…”
 




                                                                    [8]


The Museum as Blog is how he over-comes the limitations of chronology. The museum is a wonderfully individual place that is like no other museum, gallery or education centre I have visited. Sir John Soane’s museum is open Tuesday to Saturday, 10-5 pm, when admission is free. For more information visit, www.soane.org, it’s worth taking a look.

Tomorrow I will be continuing with my journey to conclusively call Sir John Soane, the original Blogger. Using the things that I have noted and learned today, I am venturing forward. Now knowing that the Museum is a model of Soane, and that he and the museum hold a modern stance of curration- next, I will be looking how Soane overcomes the limitations of chronology. More specifically noting how he does versus how others do not. The aim of this will be to show how Soane can be linked to the modern experience of the Blog.


Thursday, April 8th, 2010.

Samuel Pepys, the Diarist, and Sir John Soane, the Blogger.
08 APR 2010 14:21 PM.

One of the most famous diarists of all time is no doubt Samuel Pepys. Pepys’ Diary is studied acknowledged and acclaimed, providing invaluable insight into his life and society. Pepys’ life spanned seven of the most eventful decades of English history. As a young man of sixteen he saw Charles 1 beheaded; five years before he died, Dutch William landed in Devon. He lived through and vividly described, the Plague and the Great Fire of London. However Pepys’ diary remains in a place of history, as an archaeological tool but no more. As a diary, that archaic source to which the Blog derives, Pepys has no place in the present. Importantly it is Soane who transcends time and is therefore the Original Blogger, but why is it that Samuel Pepys is not?

Samuel Pepys, not the Original Blogger.
08 APR 2010 18:36 PM.

It is not simply in form that Sir John Soane is the original Blogger. Sir John Soane possesses this title in my view through his content, aims, mutability, and in form. In the case of Samuel Pepys, we find an example how a form not dissimilar form Sir John Soane, or that of the contemporary Blog.
Text Box: “1660-61. January 1st. Called up this morning by Mr. Moore, who brought me my last things for me to sign for last month, and to my great comfort tells me that my fees will come to L80…”
 


                                                                   [9]


This random extract from Pepys’ diary demonstrates how akin his journal keeping is to the form and layout of a Blog. His use of short hand is conversational and informal. He dates the entries in a conventional Blog format. And the banality of the topics (of course many of the entries are engaging and far from menial) is surprisingly familiar to the Blogging community. The juxtaposition of the everyday life, with that of social and political commentary is relatable, and is what makes Pepys an important historical figure. The content and form of Samuel Pepys’ diary is comprehensibly contemporary, and can be likened to the structure of Blogging. However Pepys’ relation to the modern Blog is limited to only the structural form, as a diary- the form from which the Blog originates.

It was never Pepys’ aim to publish his diary. When writing the journal he never envisioned that others would read the diary, in this case it was still a personal item. He had no readers in mind with whom he was conversing, or talking to. This is how the aim of the diary fits the conventions of the hand-written journal (hidden under the mattress), but differs from the Blog and Soane. A Blog and The Sir John Soane’s Museum deliberately and intentionally converse with an audience. From the outset both are intended for publication, without it the Blog is not a Blog. And in the same manner without Soane’s dedication and intent to convert his home into a Museum (publishing his home and possessions) it would not be a Blog.


Sir John Soane’s Untitled No 13.
08 APR 2010 18:50 PM

Samuel Pepys’ diary serves well as a primary source of historical events and period. It is clear that from the content that Pepys never intended to publish his diary. However he did take steps to preserve the text within his library, possibly in the hope that someday someone would find them. Through this preservation, a literary fossilisation Pepys allowed for the future to learn about the past. The text is purely an archaeological and historical text. The magic of the Soane Museum is that it does not posses the singularity of Pepys’ diary. The Soane museum rather than being an access into the past has the mutability to become apart of the present. His museum is filled with artefacts and trinkets, archival in nature, but his intentional publication converses with the public allowing for constant change. It is the Museum’s affinity with visitors, which keeps it current. Each new visitor to the Museum causes a change that becomes something new, as a part of a performance- never complete.
  
                                                          
Friday, April 9th, 2010.

Sir John Soane is the Original Blogger- what happens next?
09 APR 2010 17:39 PM

Over the past three days I have been explaining how the Victorian Architect, Sir John Soane is the original Blogger. Imparting my fanatical wisdom on the subject I have explained how Soane’s ideas and Museum act as the model from which ideas of Blogging and the social web network exist. As architect of the Blog and its origins, Soane is linked to the ideas of publication of life and passion, conversing with an audience, and reaching the contemporary.


Text Box: “John Soane confronts us with the paradox of a dedicated upholder of the classical tradition in architecture who was at the same time a romantic artist following a lonely path in an idiosyncratic style far removed from that practised by his contemporaries.”                                                                  [10]





The next phase of my Blog is to delve into the issues and debates surrounding the Blog. My aim is to find how these issues of our contemporary Blog can help us better understand Soane, and his museum. Questioning how the current discourse surrounding the Blog is relatable to the original Blogger, Sir John Soane.


Saturday, April 10th, 2010.

Paying the Price for a free experience.
10 APR 2010 10:10 AM

In May 2006, AOL released a secure document containing every search made by 658,000 of their users over a three-month period. Although numerical codes were put in place to protect user identity, Jo Wade explains how David Gallagher could identify a user based solely on their individual searches.
Text Box: “After a few hours’ work and using nothing other than these search terms and the telephone directory, he had correctly managed to identify his target. It was a 62-year-old woman called Thelma Arnold from Atlanta, Georgia…” 

                                                          [11]


This story demonstrates how the price tag on free internet use is the sale of your ultimate privacy. Many details that we might not even right in our Blogs, and those which we do, are up for grabs. Correlating the information in our Blog updates, Facebook status’, and Google searches is being used to make big money. The Internet now has the ability to shape its adverts and in the future, even content around you.

  




Text Box: “This story illustrates how we have become unwittingly complicit in a deal that is reshaping our world. Twenty years after its creation, the web appears to offer us unprecedented free access to knowledge and entertainment. However this gift comes at a price and in the end someone has to pay.”
 


                                                         [12]



This debate has got me thinking, 173 years after it’s opening, should we question Soane’s free entry. I personally know that I wouldn’t have minded paying a small entry fee on my visit to the museum, would you? In times of recession and bad economy why not use the money from visitors and tourists as an aid rather than the museum becoming a possible leach!

In reality, even with the knowledge of corrupted use of the Internet information, will anyone stop using it? I wont. Would you pay for it if you had the option? I wouldn’t.

The Sir John Soane Museum also has many arguments for its free access. Including it being the wish of Soane himself, and to insure prominent and universal access to the museum. However we should all be aware that we are paying a price for these free experiences. Techno-dystopianism is just one of the costly sacrifices we make for free access.

Techno-utopianism and Techno-dystopianism.
10 APR 2010 10:32 AM

Techno-utopianism is the advent of the web heralding a new golden age. The web and Blogs can solve the problems of Africa, both the poverty and the violence; will transform education, as seen in Korea; and will topple totalitarian regimes such as Iran. David Chapman recalls an interview with Stephen Fry who champions the web, Blogs, and his much-loved pat-time twitter.
Text Box: “We have knowledge of the ages gathered for us to browse in our pockets. And if we seriously think that is something we should turn our backs on or sniff at then we really deserve a slapping. This is astounding technology and we should take a moment to celebrate the power, the reach it gives us across ideas and across continents both past, future an present to connect with people.”
 




                                                        [13]




Fry’s comments can easily be transferred onto Soane’s amazing museum, even if both are overly optimistic (choosing to ignore the techno-dystopianism). Soane’s museum was intended as an educational aid connecting students of architecture, painting, sculpture, etc. to the past, future, and present.

Al Gore and Gary Alexander are also supportive of the techno-utopianism and the benefits. The benefits caused by the Blog and blogosphere, which Soane is conceptually apart of. Chapman quotes Al Gore’s opinion on the matter.
Text Box: “Human civilisation as a whole is now witnessing the connection of people everywhere on earth through this web in ways that actually do mimic the growth of a human brain. And the analogy is imperfect. But it’s also real. We are seeing the emergence of a global brain.”
 




                                                          [14]


Gary Alexander similarly champions the power of the Internet and the Blog, for global connection. Alexander proposes in his book that the problems which humanity has created for the natural world and for itself - extinction of species, loss of habitat, damage to agriculture, climate change, wars, hunger, poverty, family and community disintegration and financial instability - are severe enough that the metaphor of a global cancer seems appropriate. To counter that global cancer, his book sets out a Utopian yet practical agenda for change that harnesses the exciting potential of electronic communication to launch a new era of community regeneration.
Text Box: “The environmental disruption is merely a side effect of fundamental fragmentation of human culture. In many ways, humanity is at war with itself.”
 


                                                          [15]








Sunday, April 11th, 2010.

Web 2.0: Hype or Zeitgeist?
11 APR 2010 11:10 AM

Despite Tim O’Reilly’s numerous attempts to define ‘Web 2.0’, the phrase continues to provoke fierce debate. Some commentators attempt different monikers: the ‘live’, ‘living’ or ‘social’ web; others argue Web 2.0 is not a technology at all, but rather an attitude. O’Reilly himself acknowledges the difficult of pinning down the term, calling it a meme or pointer, which defies hard boundaries, but lends itself to a kind of intuitive recognition of sites that are expressing the new model. Perhaps part of the success of 2.0 has been due to is ability to escape solid definition; it has become a by-word for what is new online and thus can become whatever its descriptor finds most interesting, important or cutting-edge.

The Soane Museum’s modern aesthetic and contemporary outlook aligns itself with the effects of Web 2.0, which is basically about the web’s ever-strengthened accessibility, through cheap and available outlets. Thus the Blogs and Internet of Web 2.0 is suggested to be more personal, more visual and more collaborative future. In this sense Soane is the original Blogger, apart of the Internet’s history as an asynchronous ‘Blog’ its collaborative aspects are limited. The limitations of the Soane’s collaboration is what will inevitably cause its categorisation into history, as the contemporary becomes ever more collaborative.
Text Box: “The concept of "Web 2.0" began with a conference brainstorming session between O'Reilly and MediaLive International. Dale Dougherty, web pioneer and O'Reilly VP, noted that far from having "crashed", the web was more important than ever, with exciting new applications and sites popping up with surprising regularity. What's more, the companies that had survived the collapse seemed to have some things in common. Could it be that the dot-com collapse marked some kind of turning point for the web, such that a call to action such as "Web 2.0" might make sense? We agreed that it did, and so the Web 2.0 Conference was born.
 

  





                                                          [16]





Face-to-Face.
11 APR 2010 11:39 AM

Stewart Brand author of Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto, comments on the changing communication. Brand believes that the biggest change lies in the speed of communication and the immediacy it allows. Brand also discusses the debate on social networking, and Blogging supplant of face-to-face meetings. He dispels the theory that the web has created an online culture that undermines reality; communication has broadened away from face-to-face. However communicating virtual or face-to-face help each other, and there is no replacement for the face-to-face. The Museum of Sir John Soane as a Blog is an example of a virtual learning experience through the visual. This visual educational aid is no replacement for what you can learn from a book or tutor, the Museum acts as an aid, and the book and the tutor aid the Museum.  


Sir John Soane Architect of the Blogosphere.
11 APR 2010 17:45 PM

Not to toot my own horn, but I think I have successfully explained Soane’s theoretical and conceptual role within the Blog. I’m pretty sure that you can now see how my mad idea makes sense? Crucially by supposing and stating “Sir John Soane, the original Blogger.”- I am reasoning how the contemporary concept of the Blog, can help us understand the sir John Soane’s Museum.

The Internet and the Blog are limitless, baring no boundaries of time or space. Similarly debates and issues surrounding the blog are continually emerging. Through my created Blog, “Sir John Soane: The Original Blogger” I have put forward an argument that the modern issues and debates surrounding the web and Blogs, can be used in analysing the Museum of Sir John Soane- helping us to gain a better understanding of both the contemporary society and Blogging, and simultaneously the Sir John Soane Museum.














Bibliography


Alexander, G. (2002) eGaia, Growing a peaceful, sustainable Earth through communications. London: Lighthouse Books.

Blanchot, M. (2001) Interior monologue in Faux Pas. California: Stanford University Press.

Bolton, A. (1923) The works of Sir John Soane. London: St Luke’s Printing Work’s.

Chapman, D. (2010) The virtual revolution: themes and alternative readings. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.open2.net/blogs/scitechnature/index.php/virtualrevolution/?blog=7

Elsner, J. and Cardinal, R. (1994) The cultures of collecting. London: Reaktion Books.

Galvez, P. (2004) Thomas Hirschhorn: galerie chantal crousel. ArtForum. May.

O’Reilly, T. (2005) What is Web 2.0: design patterns and business models for the next generation of software. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html

Pepys, S. (2008) Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol. 1 of 4: Clerk of the Acts and Secretary to the Admiralty. London: Forgotten Books.

Summerson, J.

Richardson, M. (1999) Soane’s Legacy. In John Soane architect. London: BAS Printers Limited.
 
Tremayne, M. (2007) Blogging, citizenship, and the future of media. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.  

Wade, J. (2010) Paying the price for a free web. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8508814.stm. 

Watkins, D.(1983)Soane and his contemporaries. In John Soane. London: Academy Editions.







[1] John Summerson, Soane: the man and the style in John Soane, pp. 9.
[2] Arthur Bolton, The works of Sir John Soane, pp. 9.
[3] Mark Tremayne, Blogging, citizenship, and the future of media, pp. 59.
[4] Maurice Blanchot, Interior monologue in Faux pas, pp. 245.
[5] John Elsner and Roger Cardinal, The cultures of collecting, pp. 164.
[6] John Elsner and Roger Cardinal, The cultures of collecting, pp. 166.
[7] Paul Galvez, Thomas Hirschhorn: galerie chantal crousel.
[8] Margaret Richardson, Soane’s Legacy, in John Soane architect, pp. 48.
[9]  Samuel Pepys, Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol. 1 of 4: Clerk of the Acts and Secretary to the Admiralty, pp 266.
[10] David Watkin, Soane and his contemporaries, in John Soane, pp. 40.
[11] Jo Wade, Paying the price for a free web.
[12] Jo Wade, Paying the price for a free web.
[13]David Chapman, The virtual revolution: themes and alternative readings.
[14] David Chapman, The virtual revolution: themes and alternative readings.
[15] Gary Alexander, eGaia, Growing a peaceful, sustainable Earth through communications, pp. 8.
[16] Tim O’Reilly, What is Web 2.0: design patterns and business models for the next generation of software.
Posted by at No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)